TheropodaCeratosauriaUSNM 4735

Ceratosaurus nasicornis

Ceratosaurus nasicornis skeletal reconstruction, left lateral view, reconstructed length ~6 m.
Scale bar = 1 meter
Taxon
Ceratosaurus nasicornis Marsh, 1884
Specimen
USNM 4735
Reconstructed length
~5.7 m (19 feet)
View
Left lateral
Drawing
© Scott Hartman
Drawn
2010, revised 2022
Clade
  1. Theropoda
  2. Ceratosauria

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Ceratosaurus was (not surprisingly) a ceratosaurian theropod, which lived during the Late Jurassic of western North America. Living alongside the larger Allosaurus and Torvosaurus, Ceratosaurus could easily be distinguished by a prominent horn on its snout, smaller horns over the eyes, and a row of bony plates along its back.

While Ceratosaurus skeletons are less common than Allosaurus, we do have something of a growth series, with juvenile, subadult and larger, more robust adult specimens known. Although the largest specimen was originally described as a different species (Ceratosaurus dentisulcatus), it’s generally recognized today as C. nasicornis, so is presented here as the older, fully grown stage of development.

The teeth of Ceratosaurus were large for its size, which some have taken as an indication that it hunted relatively large prey, although others have interpreted the striated enamel of the teeth as evidence they were hunting lungfish, so it’s safe to say there isn’t a consensus yet beyond “not-plants”. The mounted casts of the juvenile specimen have teeth that look truly enormous, but that seems to be due to them slipping out of their sockets after death - not only is this a common occurrence in vertebrates, but you can see on the specimen that much of what is exposed is root rather than the enamel-covered crown.

The evidence

What the specimen actually preserves

Known skeletal material of Ceratosaurus nasicornis: preserved elements shown in white against a black body silhouette.
Known material of USNM 4735: elements preserved in the specimen are shown in white; unpreserved regions are left as black silhouette. Drawn 2010, revised 2022
Ceratosaurus nasicornis — A potential growth series drawn to common scale — the type (~6 m), the larger UMNH VP 5278 (~6.5 m), and a juvenile (~4.5 m).
A potential growth series drawn to common scale — the type (~6 m), the larger UMNH VP 5278 (~6.5 m), and a juvenile (~4.5 m). Drawn 2010, revised 2022