SynapsidaBovidae

Bootherium bombifrons

Harlan’s muskox

Bootherium bombifrons skeletal reconstruction, left lateral view, length ~3.4 m.
Scale bar = 50 centimeters
Taxon
Bootherium bombifrons (Harlan, 1825)
Reconstructed length
~3.4 m (11 feet)
View
Left lateral
Drawing
© Scott Hartman
Drawn
2026
Clade
  1. Synapsida
  2. Therapsida
  3. Mammalia
  4. Placentalia
  5. Laurasiatheria
  6. Artiodactyla
  7. Bovidae

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An extinct muskox from the Pleistocene of North America, sometimes called the helmeted or woodland muskox. Bootherium was more lightly built than the living muskox, with horn cores fused into a broad boss across the skull roof.

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